Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Targeting TatD nuclease and the MAPK Pathway: Luteolin multifaceted approach against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106426

Figure Lengend Snippet: TAT-TatD recombinant protein causes pyroptosis of cells. (A-G) The effect of TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) on inflammatory factors within HD-11 cells ( n = 3), (A-C) The gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, (D-G) The protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (H—N) The effect of TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) on pyroptosis factors within HD-11 cells ( n = 3), (H-J) The gene expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, IL-18, (K-N) The protein expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, and IL-18 (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (O-T) The effect of TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) on cGAS-STING signaling pathway within HD-11 cells ( n = 3). (O-P) The gene expression of cGAS and STING, (Q-T) The protein expression of cGAS, STING, and p-STING (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (U) Immunofluorescence image of the cGAS-STING pathway, (V) Analysis of the fluorescence intensity of cGAS, (W) Analysis of the fluorescence intensity of p-STING.

Article Snippet: TNF-α , Bioss (bsm-33207 M) , 1:1000.

Techniques: Recombinant, Gene Expression, Expressing, Control, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Targeting TatD nuclease and the MAPK Pathway: Luteolin multifaceted approach against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106426

Figure Lengend Snippet: LUT ameliorates pyroptosis induced by TAT-TatD recombinant protein in HD-11 cells via the cGAS-STING pathway. (A-G) The effect of LUT (16, 32, 64 μM) on inflammatory factors after treatment with TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) ( n = 3), (A-C) The gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, (D-G) The protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (H—N) The effect of LUT (16, 32, 64 μM) on pyroptosis factors after treatment with TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) ( n = 3), (H-J) The gene expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, IL-18, (K-N) The protein expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, and IL-18 (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (O-T) The effect of LUT (16, 32, 64 μM) on cGAS-STING signaling pathway after treatment with TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) ( n = 3). (O-P) The gene expression of cGAS and STING, (Q-T) The protein expression of cGAS, STING, and p-STING (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene).

Article Snippet: TNF-α , Bioss (bsm-33207 M) , 1:1000.

Techniques: Recombinant, Gene Expression, Expressing, Control

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: The regulatory effects of CaHA/PLGA microspheres on macrophages and ADSCs in vitro. (A, B) CLSM images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with microspheres for 2 days (n = 3). (C–F) Relative mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1, and FGF-2 in RAW264.7 cells (n = 3). (G, H) Sirius red staining images and quantitative analysis (n = 3) of collagen deposition of ADSCs co-cultured with CaHA/PLGA microspheres for 3 and 7 days. (I–K) Relative mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-A in ADSCs after 3 and 7 days of co-culture with CaHA/PLGA microspheres (n = 3). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Cell Culture, Staining, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of soft tissue filling and inflammatory response in rats. (A, B) Schematic diagram of the soft tissue filling experiment and injection sites, with at least 2 cm spacing between sites. (C) Photographs of subcutaneous soft tissue filling at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The white circles indicate the soft tissue filling areas. (D) H&E staining of the filled sites. (E, F) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of TNF-α and TGF-β expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). (G, H) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IL-37 alleviates inflammatory effects and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-induced preterm birth

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34506-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: rhIL-37 delays preterm delivery by reducing LPS-induced inflammatory effects and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice. ( A ) Orbital blood was collected from the control mice ( n = 6), LPS-induced preterm mice (LPS; n = 6), and rhIL-37 + LPS-co-treated preterm mice (rhIL-37 + LPS; n = 6).Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected via ELISA. ( B ) Foetal membrane and placental tissues were collected from mice ( n = 6 per group) immediately before labour,, and the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and ASC were detected via qRT-PCR. ( C ) Foetal membrane and placental tissues were collected from the mice in each group ( n = 3 per group), and the protein levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, Pro-caspase-1 and ASC were analyzed by western blotting. ( D ) Western blot Results were normalised to β-actin. Bar graphs show statistical quantification of the western blot data. All data met the assumption of homogeneity of variance. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01;*** p < 0.001;**** p < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA).

Article Snippet: Supernatants collected from HTR-8/SVneo cells were assayed for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels using a human ELISA kit (LiankeBio, Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Membrane, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IL-37 alleviates inflammatory effects and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-induced preterm birth

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34506-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-37 knockdown enhances LPS-induced inflammatory and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HTR-8/Svneo cells. ( A ) Cell supernatants were collected from control, si_NC- or si_IL37-treated cells following LPS exposure, and IL-37 expression level were detected by ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. ( B ) IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the cell supernatants were detected by ELISA. ( C ) The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and ASC after cell treatment with LPS ( n = 5) were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. ( D ) NLRP3,pro-caspase-1, caspase-1 and ASC protein levels were detected by Western blotting, and the results were normalised to β-actin. All data exhibited equal variance.The data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. The results are representative of at least three independent experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01;*** p < 0.001;**** p < 0.0001 (One-way ANOVA).

Article Snippet: Supernatants collected from HTR-8/SVneo cells were assayed for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels using a human ELISA kit (LiankeBio, Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Knockdown, Activation Assay, Control, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IL-37 alleviates inflammatory effects and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-induced preterm birth

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34506-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nigericin reversed the anti-inflammatory effects and effects of rhIL-37 and its inhibition of NF-κB p65 activation in LPS-induced PTB.t ( A ) Cell supernatants were collected from HTR-8/Svneo cells co-treated with rhIL-37 and LPS, then either left untreated or treated with nigericin.The mRNA expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC was detected. ( B ) Cells were collected, and the protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, and ASC was detected by western blotting. Results were normalised to β-actin and statistically analyzed.( C ) HTR-8/Svneo cell supernatants were collected after co-treatment with rhIL-37 and LPS (with or without nigericin), and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. ( D ) HTR-8/Svneo cells co-treated with rhIL-37 and LPS (with or without nigericin) were collected. The mRNA expression of p65 was detected by qRT-PCR, and protein expression of p65 and p-p65 was detected by western blotting. Densitometric quantification of p-p65 relative to p65 was performed. Statistical analysis of the western blot results was performed.All data exhibited equal variance.The data are shown as the means ± s.e.m. The results are representative of at least three independent experiments..

Article Snippet: Supernatants collected from HTR-8/SVneo cells were assayed for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels using a human ELISA kit (LiankeBio, Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Inhibition, Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: Tet2 deficiency–induced expansion of monocyte-derived macrophages promotes liver fibrosis

doi: 10.1084/jem.20251114

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Tet2 deficiency on Ccl2 and Ccl8 mRNA stability and IL-6 neutralization on liver fibrosis progression. (A) The frequency of Ccr2 + and Ccr3 + pMDMs in Tet2 WT -CCl 4 and Tet2 ΔMye -CCl 4 mice ( n = 4 for each group). (B) Expression of Ccr2 and Ccr3 on monocytes, Tet2 +/+ pMDMs, and Tet2 −/− pMDMs ( n = 4 for each group). (C) The infiltration difference of other Ccr2 or Ccr3 expressing cell types in Tet2 WT -CCl 4 and Tet2 ΔMye -CCl 4 mice ( n = 4 for each group). (D) GAPDH mRNA decay curve in Tet2 +/+ pMDMs and Tet2 −/− pMDMs ( n = 6 for each group). (E) Transcriptional level of Elavl1, Znf36, and Ybx1 in Tet2 +/+ pMDMs and Tet2 −/− pMDMs ( n = 4 for each group). (F–I) Serum levels of (F) IL-1α, (G) IL-2, (H) TNFα, and (I) IL-1β in livers of Tet2 WT -CCl 4 and Tet2 ΔMye -CCl 4 mice ( n = 5 for each group). (J) Serum IL-6 levels in scramble, WT-MT, and KO-MT mice ( n = 4 for each group). (K) Il-6 levels in CD45.2 + pMDMs isolated from livers of WT-MT and KO-MT mice ( n = 4). (L) mRNA levels of Acta2 and Col1a1 in Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 −/− HSCs ( n = 4 for each group). (M and N) Effect of anti–IL-6 Abs treatment on mRNA levels of Col1a1 (M) and Acta2 (N) in Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 −/− HSCs co-cultured with Tet2 +/+ or Tet2 −/− MDMs detected by RT-PCR in vitro ( n = 3 for each group). (O) Effect on recombinant Ccl2 and Ccl8 on Il-6 expression in Tet2 +/+ pMDMs and Tet2 −/− pMDMs ( n = 3 for each group). (P) Detection of MDMs in livers by flow cytometry after Bindarit or IL-6 Abs treatment for 2 wk ( n = 5 for each group). (Q) H&E staining of liver tissues treated with PBS, Bindarit, IL-6 Abs, or Bindarit plus IL-6 Abs in Tet2 WT -CCl 4 and Tet2 ΔMye -CCl 4 mice ( n = 4 for each group). Data are representative of at least two independent experiments with similar results (A–P). All data are shown as mean ± SD and were analyzed by two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t test (A, C, D, E, K, L, and O) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (B and J) or two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test (F–I, M, and N). ****P < 0.0001; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; P > 0.05 not significant (ns).

Article Snippet: ELISA was used to detect the levels of Col IV (#20024; Ruixin Biotechnology), HA (#20067; Ruixin Biotechnology), Ccl8 (#RX27820; Ruixin Biotechnology), Ccl2 (MG9180; Fantia), TNFα (#KE10002; Proteintech), IL-2 (#BGM4904; Bangjing), IL-1α (KE10098; Proteintech), IL-1β (KE10003; Proteintech), and IL-6 (#KE10091; Proteintech) in serum and liver tissue grinding fluid.

Techniques: Neutralization, Expressing, Isolation, Cell Culture, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, In Vitro, Recombinant, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Two Tailed Test, Comparison